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हाइपरस्पेक्ट्रल रिमोट सेंसिंग | Hyperspectral remote sensing

हाइपरस्पेक्ट्रल रिमोट सेंसिंग, जिसे इमेजिंग स्पेक्ट्रोस्कोपी के रूप में भी जाना जाता है, एक अपेक्षाकृत नई तकनीक है जिसे वर्तमान में शोधकर्ताओं और वैज्ञानिकों द्वारा खनिजों, स्थलीय वनस्पतियों और मानव निर्मित सामग्रियों और पृष्ठभूमि की पहचान और पहचान के संबंध में जांच की जा रही है।
भौतिक विज्ञानियों और रसायनज्ञों द्वारा प्रयोगशाला में इमेजिंग स्पेक्ट्रोस्कोपी का उपयोग सामग्रियों और उनकी संरचना की पहचान के लिए 100 वर्षों से किया गया है। स्पेक्ट्रोस्कोपी का उपयोग किसी ठोस, तरल या गैस में विशिष्ट रासायनिक बंधों के कारण व्यक्तिगत अवशोषण सुविधाओं का पता लगाने के लिए किया जा सकता है। हाल ही में, प्रौद्योगिकी को आगे बढ़ाने के साथ, इमेजिंग स्पेक्ट्रोस्कोपी ने पृथ्वी पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना शुरू कर दिया है। हाइपरस्पेक्ट्रल रिमोट सेंसिंग की अवधारणा 80 के दशक के मध्य में शुरू हुई और इस बिंदु पर खनिजों के मानचित्रण के लिए भूवैज्ञानिकों द्वारा सबसे अधिक व्यापक रूप से उपयोग किया गया है। सामग्रियों की वास्तविक पहचान वर्णक्रमीय कवरेज, वर्णक्रमीय रिज़ॉल्यूशन और स्पेक्ट्रोमीटर के सिग्नल-टू-शोर, सामग्री की प्रचुरता और मापी गई तरंग दैर्ध्य क्षेत्र में उस सामग्री के लिए अवशोषण सुविधाओं की ताकत पर निर्भर है।

हाइपरस्पेक्ट्रल रिमोट सेंसिंग एक एकल सिस्टम में इमेजिंग और स्पेक्ट्रोस्कोपी को जोड़ती है जिसमें अक्सर बड़े डेटा सेट शामिल होते हैं और नए प्रसंस्करण विधियों की आवश्यकता होती है। हाइपरस्पेक्ट्रल डेटा सेट आम तौर पर अपेक्षाकृत संकीर्ण बैंडविथ्स (5-10 एनएम) के लगभग 100 से 200 वर्णक्रमीय बैंडों से बने होते हैं, जबकि, मल्टीस्पेक्ट्रल डेटा सेट आमतौर पर अपेक्षाकृत बड़े बैंडविथ्स (70-400 एनएम) के लगभग 5 से 10 बैंडों से बने होते हैं।

हाइपरस्पेक्ट्रल इमेजरी को आमतौर पर एक्स-वाई विमान में एकत्र की गई स्थानिक जानकारी के साथ डेटा क्यूब के रूप में (और प्रतिनिधित्व) किया जाता है, और जेड-दिशा में दर्शाए गए वर्णक्रमीय जानकारी।

जैस्पर रिज (कैलिफ़ोर्निया) का 224 बैंड एवीआईआरआईएस डेटा क्यूब।



Hyperspectral remote sensing, also known as imaging spectroscopy, is a relatively new technique that is currently being investigated by researchers and scientists regarding the identification and identification of minerals, terrestrial flora, and man-made materials and backgrounds.
Imaging spectroscopy has been used in the laboratory by physicists and chemists for over 100 years to identify materials and their structure. Spectroscopy can be used to detect individual absorption features due to specific chemical bonds in a solid, liquid, or gas. Recently, with advancing technology, imaging spectroscopy has begun to focus on Earth. The concept of hyperspectral remote sensing began in the mid-80s and at this point has been most widely used by geologists for mapping minerals. The actual identification of materials is dependent on the spectral coverage, spectral resolution and signal-to-noise of the spectrometer, the abundance of the material, and the strength of the absorption features for that material in the measured wavelength region.

Hyperspectral remote sensing combines imaging and spectroscopy into a single system that often involves large data sets and requires new processing methods. Hyperspectral data sets are generally composed of approximately 100 to 200 spectral bands of relatively narrow bandwiths (5–10 nm), whereas, multispectral data sets are typically composed of about 5 to 10 bands of relatively large bandwiths (70–400 nm). Are made.

Hyperspectral imagery is usually represented (and represented) as a data cube with spatial information collected in the x – y plane, and spectral information represented in the z-direction.

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